LIST OF FIGURES

ES.1 Percentage of GDP devoted to national space budgets

1.1 Countries visited or surveyed in 1997
1.2 Shift from voice to data and video
1.3 Satellite power/mass and terminal antenna size trends

3.1 Satellite power/mass and terminal antenna size trends
3.2 Spacecraft mass (kg) vs. time (year)
3.3 Spacecraft power/time
3.4 Iridium satellite gateway antennas
3.5 Prototype Lockheed Martin ACeS antenna.
3.6 Phased array feed for Lockheed Martin ACeS antenna
3.7 Onboard processing system design
3.8 TWT efficiency vs. time
3.9 Japanese Optical Communications System Plan
3.10 Performance targets
3.11 ETS-VI LCE
3.12 ARTEMIS
3.13 SILEX
3.14 European optical terminals
3.15 Small optical user terminal
3.16 Short range optical intersatellite link
3.17 Ball Aerospace activities since the 1970s
3.18 Astrolink-1000 terminal
3.19 Prototype ISL terminal from Laser Communications International
3.20 Raytheon optical phased array
3.21 Lincoln Laboratory 1 Gbps testbed system
3.22 NASA/JPL Optical Communications Demonstrator
3.23 Cakrawarta-1 launched for Media Citra INDOSTAR by Orbital Sciences Corporation
3.24 Surrey Space Center's FASat-Bravo Microsatellite for Chile

4.1 Evolution of satellite terminals in number of terminals, frequency and size (1965-2007)
4.2 VSAT terminal quality assurance test range (courtesy of Hughes Network Systems)
4.3 Satellite television receive-only terminals in Japan
4.4 Handheld and highly portable communications satellite terminals
4.5 Japanese concept of a multimedia network
4.6 Japanese concept of a satellite-based multimedia network
4.7 Japanese concept of a cellular multimedia network supported by satellites
4.8 Planned multimedia experiments with ETS- VIII
4.9 Proposed European multimedia network architecture from SECOMS/ABATE projects
4.10 New aircraft and mobile antenna designs
4.11 L3 Communications antenna incorporating proprietary very wideband feed
4.12 Increase in lift capability to GTO for Arianespace
4.13 The launch of Inmarsat III, flight 1 onboard Atlas-Centaur AC-122
4.14 Picture of the Proton containing the Inmarsat III, Flight 2, being readied for launch
4.15 Communication network architecture--top level
4.16 Satellite ATM network architecture
4.17 Hybrid (satellite/wireline) Internet service architecture
4.18 ATM satellite interworking unit (ASIU)
4.19 Protocol stack for a satellite network based on ATM switching
4.20 Internal architecture of the ATM satellite interworking group
4.21 Protocol stack for a network running on TCP/IP
4.22 Maximum throughput for a single TCP connection
4.23 Improvement in the throughput of data over a satellite link

5.1 Snapshot of the standards bodies universe for SATCOM
5.2 Application and service programs/ standards and technology programs